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Natural Law, Higher Principles, and Australian Positivism

Abstract

This article examines a few examples of the inherent nature of the ‘inverted natural law’ used by the courts and explores ways which lawyers and other observers can actually see and recognise that ‘inverted’ usage, so that, at the same time, they can try and direct the judiciary towards a natural law which is in accord with traditional morals and traditional virtues. The author relies on recent case law authorities, international treaty documents and other commentary to suggest that ‘Natural law’ principles at least, are prevalent in the Australian courts even if opinion makers or the courts themselves, try to deny this reality with the use of the liberal or enlightenment conception of ‘positivism’ in describing Australian jurisprudence.

Biographical Note

Richard Kouchoo is a Sydney based legal practitioner admitted at the Supreme Court of New South Wales, who has also been involved in various local Catholic initiatives.

Access Issue

Bibliography - Law

Athavle v State of New South Wales [2021] FCA 1075


Kassam v Hazzard; Henry v Hazzard [2021] NSWSC 1320


National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius 567 U.S. 519 (2012)


Thiab v Western Sydney University [2022] NSWSC 760


Western Sydney University v Thiab [2023] NSWCA 57


Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria (2002) 214 CLR 422

Bibliography - International Law

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Office of the High Commissioner, United Nations Human Rights, 16 December 1966)


International Commission of Jurists, Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (American International Commission of Jurists, 1985)

Bibliography - Papers, Reports and Commentary

"Appeal to Authority: argumentum ad verecundiam", Logically Fallacious (n.d.) <logicallyfallacious.com> (accessed: 25 May 2025)


Marcelle Burns, “Challenging the Assumptions of Positivism: An Analysis of the Concept of Society in Sampi on Behalf of the Bardi and Jawi People v Western Australia [2010] and Bodney v Bennell [2008]” (2011) 4(7) Land, Rights, Laws: Issues of Native Title 1


Nick Duff, “What’s Needed to Prove Native Title? Finding Flexibility Within the Law on Connection” (Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Staight Islander Studies, Research Discussion Paper No. 35, June 2014)


Thomas Finegan, “Conceptual Foundations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Human Rights, Human Dignity and Personhood” (2012) 37 Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy 182


William A. Galston, “Religion and the Limits of Liberal Democracy”, Recognizing Religion

in a Secular Society; Essays in Pluralism, Religion and Public Policy, Douglas Farrow (ed.), (Montreal, Canada: McGill-Queen's Press, 2004)


Radha Ivory, “The Concept of International Law Reform and the Case of Negotiated Settlements in Foreign Bribery Matters” European Journal of International Law, Vol. 35, Issue 4 (November 2024)


Steven King, “We Cannot Allow a Divine Foot in the Door”, Heart of America Science Resource Center (online) (31 July 2023) <hoasrc.com> (accessed: 25 May 2025)


Richard Kouchoo, “Australian Positivism and Infringement on Human Rights: a Brief Overview”, Observer & Review Vol. 1, Issue 1, No.1 (2023)


Richard Kuochoo, The Self Evident Proof: Beginner's Criticism of Mainly Linguistic Relativism (USA: Protea Publishing, 2002)


Philip Ruddock (Chair), Religious Freedom Review: Report of the Expert Panel (Commonwealth Attorney General’s Department, 18 May 2018)


Nina Sun, "Applying Siracusa: A Call for a General Comment on Public Health Emergencies" Health and Human Rights Journal (online) (23 April 2020) <hhrjournal.org> (accessed: 2 June 2023)

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